Simon El'evich Shnol (Russian: Симон Эльевич Шноль; 21 March 1930 – 11 September 2021[1][2]) was a biophysicist, and a historian of Soviet science.

He was a professor at Physics Department of Moscow State University and a member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.

His fields of interest were the oscillatory processes in biology, the theory of evolution, chronobiology, and the history of science.

He was also author of the books "Physico-chemical factors of biological evolution" (1979) and "Heroes, villains, and conformists of Russian Science" (2001).

During many years, Simon Shnoll was a jury chairman on Biology Olympiads conducted at Moscow State University.