It is considered to be a showcase design and intentionally exposes to plain view the various gears, wheels and springs within the movement itself.
In the case of skeleton wristwatches, the back will usually be made of sapphire crystal or another clear material that affords easy examination of the parts protected within both from the front and from behind.
The photos are of some relatively simple commercial skeleton clocks with architectural frames, specifically of cathedrals in Great Britain: Litchfield and York Minster.
In Great Britain, anchor (recoil), dead beat, balance wheel and tic tac.
In France, pinwheel, coup perdu, (both dead beat), crossbeat or variant of Dutretre’s escapement.
Unlike the 18th century skeleton clocks most of those contemporary timepieces are powered by the battery-operated quartz mechanism.