[2] The slab affects the convection and evolution of the Earth's mantle due to the insertion of the hydrous oceanic lithosphere.
[4] Recycling the subducted slab presents volcanism by flux melting from the mantle wedge.
[5] The slab motion can cause dynamic uplift and subsidence of the Earth's surface, forming shallow seaways[2] and potentially rearranging drainage patterns.
[9] Temperature gradients of subducted slabs depend on the oceanic plate's time and thermal structures.
[10] Slabs experiencing low angle (less than 30 degrees) subduction is considered flat-slab, primarily in southern China and the western United States.