[5][3] The formation of the Travancore-Cochin cabinet was preceded by differences of opinion on the approach the PSP should have taken in the state, with leaders like Lohia having preferred a leftist government whilst Jayaprakash Narayan and Asoka Mehta had initiated talks with the Congress Party.

[11] Lohia wished for a more militant approach towards the Indian National Congress government and accused fellow PSP leader Asoka Mehta of 'blur[ring] features of democratic socialism'.

[16] On 4 June 1955, Lohia stated at a meeting in Mehboobnagar that he planned to create a new party before the end of the year, unless the PSP national leadership rectified its political line, and that he would carry out a tour across the country to mobilize support for the project.

[16] On 24 June 1955, the dissident Uttar Pradesh Executive Committee concluded issued a resolution expressing full confidence in Lohia's role as the party leader and formed a nine-member Parliamentary Board for the selection of candidates for upcoming elections.

On the same day as his suspension Lohia addressed a meeting in Madurai, where he again threatened to set up his own party if the PSP national leadership would not move away from their "present impotency in fighting Governmental injustices".

[17] In parallel, as the PSP National Executive Committee concluded their Jaipur meeting they called on party members to avoid raising controversies on issues like elections.

[21] The Bhopal meeting issued a resolution condemning the murder of a socialist activist in Barabanki on 16 October 1955, and which argued that the Uttar Pradesh state government as responsible for the act due to its failure to ensure security for the popular movements.

"[21] The Bhopal meeting called for unambiguous acceptance of the principle of linguistic states and asked its party units to "unfold all vigorous action, without resort to violence".

[24] In his speech to the conference Lohia called for building a broad based socialist opposition party and he outlined a Seven-Year Plan to seize power in India.

[23] On 1 January 1956, the Hyderabad conference passed a resolution announcing plans to set up a "conscious, militant volunteer organisation to be named as Socialist Seva Dal".

[34] On 1 March 1956 the Socialist Party organized a large rally in Lucknow, gathering some 20,000 people, demanding land redistribution, administrative decentralization, introduction of old-age pensions and provision of jobs for unemployed.

[36] On 19 June 1956, Lohia stated in Hyderabad that the Socialist Party was open to dialogue with the Bihar Chief Minister Shri Krishna Sinha on the abolition of certain taxes.

[37] On 26 August 1956 SP National Executive Committee member Jagdish Joshi announced at a press conference in Allahabad the plans for a civil disobedience movement in Bihar.

[38] At a 30 July 1956 Hyderabad press conference Lohia stated that India should follow the path laid out by Egypt on the Suez Canal issue and nationalize Indian resources exploited by foreign businesses.

[37] The SP National Executive Committee meeting of the Socialist Party held in Nagpur on 20 September 1956 endorsed support for the Egyptian stance on the Suez Canal issue.

According to the Socialist Party it organized members of parliament and legislative assemblies, who had represented three percent of valid votes cast in past elections.

[57] In 1957 there was an unusual unity of leftist forces in Uttar Pradesh, as Communist Party of India (CPI), PSP and SP joined hands in protests linked to the centenary commemoration of the 1857 War of Independence.

[62] The demands of the protest movement included lowering tax burden for farmers, relief for unemployed, abolition of land revenue for unprofitable agriculture and actions to eradicate corruption in public service.

[65] In early February 1959 Socialist Party candidate Prabhu Narain Singh won a by-election for the Chandauli Lok Sabha constituency seat.

[88] In the Lok Sabha election the Socialist Party presented 107 candidates, out of whom six were elected - Rishang from Outer Manipur (Manipur), Ram Sewak Yadav from Bara Banki (Uttar Pradesh), Mani Ram Bagri from Hissar (Punjab), Kishen Pattnaik from Sambalpur (Orissa), Buddhu Singh Utiya from Shahdol (ST) (Madhya Pradesh) and Bhupendra Narayan Mandal from Saharsa (Bihar).

[3] Per a study by Burger (1969), among the Socialist Party legislators elected in 1962 in Uttar Pradesh 37 were Brahmin (17.1%), 38 Thakurs (17.6%), 16 Bania (7.4%), 7 Kayasths (3.2%), 6 from other elite castes (Jats, Bhumihars, etc.)

[3] Notably after the 1962 the right-wing Jan Sangh had emerged as the second largest party in the Legislative Assembly with 49 seats, pushing the PSP and SP into third and fourth places respectively.

On 13 December 1962 the United Socialist Party group was constituted as a joint legislative faction, a move that caught both SP and PSP national executives off guard.

[1] Narain was reassured by the United Socialist Party triumvirate that their committee had accepted the 1962 SP Election Manifesto as its platform for political action, and thus no disciplinary measures were enacted at this stage.

[1] But in parallel to the national dialogues between SP and PSP, there were state-level unity talks taking place in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Rajasthan and Punjab.

[1] According to Yogendra Yadav, this shift of Lohia towards the position of 'non-Congressism' (seeking to unite all non-Congress forces, from left to right, in a common alliance) after the disappointing 1962 elections was largely due to non-ideological factors.

Per Yadav there was considerable fatigue among mid-level party workers, frustrated with the inability to make a parliamentary breakthrough due to the First Past the Post electoral system.

[104] The Uttar Pradesh socialist leader Shibhan Lal Saxena had faced opposition from Lohia on his defense of Nehru on the issue of the 1962 Sino-Indian war.

[1] In April 1964 the Delhi organizations of SP, PSP and the All India Forward Bloc, as well as some individuals hailing from the Congress Socialist Party, held a joint convention to launch a campaign calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Nehru.

[105] The SP and remnants of PSP were in a hurry to formalize the merger before Mehta could hold his All India Socialist Workers Conference (initially planned for May 1964, then postponed to June 1964).