After her marriage, she became the hostess of a literary and artistic circle: among the elite frequenting the home of her and her spouse were the famous amateur actress Aurora Königsmarck, the painter Anna Maria Ehrenstrahl, the poet Johan Runius and the doctor and writer Urban Hjärne, known for his opposition to witch trials.

Among her own models of inspirations were the works of the Danish psalm writer Thomas Kingo, and the Swedish poets Samuel Columbus and Petrus Lagerlöf.

Sophia Elisabet Brenner represented a form of feminism fashionable in her time: in her poems, she defended women's rights to educate themselves as autodidacts at home and insisted that females were not intellectually inferior to males.

She became known as a role model of a female scholar not only in Sweden but also abroad, especially in Germany, and was celebrated as such by the work Testimoniorum fasciculus, edited by Urban Hjärne.

Brenner has been called the first feminist in Sweden because of her poem Det Qwinliga Könetz rätmätige Förswar (The justified defense of the female sex) in 1693, believed to be inspired by her friendship with Aurora Köningsmarck.

The work often mentioned as her best was the religions poem Wårs Herres och Frälsares Jesu Christi alldraheligaste pijons historia (The Most Holy Martyrdom of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ) from 1710.