Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι, romanized: Sophistikoi Elenchoi; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies.
[note 1] According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece (Soph.
On Sophistical Refutations[1][2] consists of 34 chapters.
The book naturally falls in two parts: chapters concerned with tactics for the Questioner (3–8 and 12–15) and chapters concerned with tactics for the Answerer (16–32).
Besides, there is an introduction (1–2), an interlude (9–11), and a conclusion (33–34).