The region faces the Atlantic Ocean on its western side: much of the coast is protected by Souss-Massa National Park.

Three factors influence the semi-arid Mediterranean climate of the region: the topography, the oceanic coastline, and the Sahara Desert.

This plain, which stretches from the base of the Atlas and includes the basins of the Souss and Massa rivers, experiences an arid climate despite its broad exposure to the Atlantic Ocean.

The southern part of the region, adjacent to the Sahara, is much drier, but since 2005, the desert has been experiencing a greening trend due to significant winter rains, especially in 2009-2010.

[8] Souss-Massa comprises two prefectures and four provinces:[3] Agriculture is a major economic activity in the Sous and Massa river basins located in the northwestern part of the region.