British settlers first arrived in the South African region in 1795, when they established a military holding operation at the Cape Colony.
The goal of this first endeavour was to gain control of a key Cape sea route, not to establish a permanent settler colony.
[1] To spread the influence of English in the colony, officials began to recruit British schoolmasters and Scottish clergy to occupy positions in the education and church systems.
[1] Several white South African English varieties have emerged, accompanied by varying levels of perceived social prestige.
[1] Broad White SAE closely approximates the second-language variety of (Afrikaans-speaking) Afrikaners called Afrikaans English.
[1] Historically, BSAE has been considered a "non-standard" variety of English, inappropriate for formal contexts and influenced by indigenous African languages.
[4] According to the Central Statistical Services, as of 1994[update] about seven million black people spoke English in South Africa.
As a result, the English spoken in black schools developed distinctive patterns of pronunciation and syntax, leading to the formation of BSAE.
In SAE it is primarily used for publicising the differences between British and other forms of tongue speaking for native speakers in various communities of South Africa.
[7] BSAE emerged from the influence of local native languages on the British English variety often taught in South African schools.
[5] The vowels in BSAE can be realised as five key phonemes: /i/, pronounced in words like "FLEECE" or KIT, /u/ in "FOOT" or "GOOSE", /ɛ/ in "TRAP", "DRESS", or "NURSE", /ɔ/ in LOT or FORCE, and /a/ as in CAR.
[5] Black South African English analysis has not been researched or utilised enough due to its contrasting methods to Southern British norms.
[5] BSAE has contrasting pronunciation and organisation of vowels and consonants compared to the ones in more commonly used languages such as other varieties of English.
[5] Additionally, BSAE differs from other forms of dialect by "having shorter tone/information units and having lower pitch and decrease intensity as the sentence concludes.
[8] Other findings show that the Cultural Linguistic explorations of World Englishes have been evaluating BSAE based on its cognitive sociolinguistic principles.
[9] Historically, BSAE has been considered a "non-standard" variety of English, perceived as inappropriate for formal contexts, and influenced by indigenous African languages.
As a result, the English spoken in black schools developed distinctive patterns of pronunciation and syntax, leading to the formation of BSAE.
These rivers mainly flow across the central places in the east and west off the coast until they reach the Atlantic Ocean through the Namibian border.
[1] The Apartheid policy, in effect from 1948 to 1991, prevented Indian children from publicly interacting with people of English heritage.
[1] Phonologically, ISAE also shares several similarities with Indian English, though certain common features are decreasing in the South African variety.
They are primarily concentrated in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and northeastern parts of the Eastern Cape in the former Transkei with some transplants being found in Johannesburg.
Subsequent editions of this dictionary have tried to take a "broad editorial approach" in including vocabulary terms native to South Africa, though the extent of this inclusion has been contested.
[15] Dictionaries specialising in scientific jargon, such as the common names of South African plants, also emerged in the twentieth century.
A breakdown of English speakers according to the conventional racial classifications used by Statistics South Africa is described in the following table: The examples of South African accents in the list below were obtained from George Mason University: All four of the speakers in this list have English as their first language.