Soviet Deep Space Network

Similar networks are run by the USA, China, Europe, Japan, and India.

[2] Interplanetary missions require larger antennas, more powerful transmitters, and more sensitive receivers, and an effort was started in 1959 to support the planned 1960 launch of the Venera series of missions to Venus and the Mars program of spacecraft to Mars.

The selected design consisted of eight 16-meter dishes placed on two hulls of diesel submarines,[3] welded together and laid down on the railway bridge trusses.

As of 16 October 2018, the Director of the radio observatory, Gennady Shanin, announced that a two-year "roadmap" for completing construction had been agreed to by Russia and Uzbekistan.

[1] On June 24, 2024 Ukraine launched at least four missiles at the Yevpatoria facility in Crimea, currently occupied by Russia.

One of two receiver antennas of the North station, used in the early 1960s.
The 32-metre diameter antenna in 2009, along with the partially-completed buildings from the Soviet era
The 70 meter antenna at Yevpatoria