[1] Dumile initially performed under the stage name Zev Love X as a member of the rap group KMD.

In September 1999, Dumile would release his debut studio album Operation: Doomsday under a new stage name, MF DOOM, wearing a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics super-villain Doctor Doom.

Dumile's first commercial breakthrough came in March 2004, with the album Madvillainy, released with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain.

In 2009, he released his sixth and final solo studio album, Born Like This, under the pseudonym Doom (stylized in all caps).

From this point until his death in 2020, Dumile exclusively released collaborative works, including NehruvianDoom with Bishop Nehru in 2014 and three other studio projects.