[5] In September 2022, the Council of Europe proposed to create a tribunal that would have a mandate to "investigate and prosecute the crime of aggression" committed by "the political and military leadership of the Russian Federation.
[3][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In the same month the European Parliament also designated Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism, citing attacks against civilians, war crimes, and atrocities.
[19] Sergey Vasiliev has argued that an ad hoc tribunal would be unable to secure the presence of Putin or other defendants in the absence of Russian cooperation.
[20] In contrast, Carrie McDougall has argued that an ad hoc tribunal is the best available option to try a crime of aggression that has been committed and for which the International Criminal Court lacks jurisdiction.
[22] In late February 2023, Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba stated that a "core group" for creating the tribunal existed, including representation from Guatemala.