[2] In 1890, he joined the faculty of the University of Athens and taught history and ancient literature.

After 1903, Lambros started an academic movement called Neos Hellenomnemon (Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων) which studied the scientific and philosophical developments of the Greek-speaking world during the Byzantine and Ottoman eras.

In October 1916 with Greece in the midst of the National Schism and under two governments (Eleftherios Venizelos in Thessaloniki and King Constantine in Athens), the formerly Liberal (and associated with Venizelos) Lambros accepted the King's commission to form a government in Athens.

Eventually, riots took place in Athens (the Noemvriana), for which Lambros was judged responsible due to mis-management.

[3] His daughter, Lina Tsaldari, was elected to Parliament in 1956 and became the first woman in the Greek Cabinet as Minister of Social Welfare.