The hospital was transformed in the early years of the 20th century through the work of director Rudolf Teusler, and Superintendent of Nurses Iyo Araki, into the largest and most modern medical facility in Japan.

As fundraising had already begun in the United States for new buildings on a larger site to a design by architect Antonin Raymond[2] Teusler was able to count on the generosity of existing donors to rapidly rebuild.

[citation needed] St. Luke's continued to provide medical services to the Japanese community from barracks facilities rented from the city of Tokyo throughout the post war years of occupation.

[5] St. Luke's buildings and facilities have been expanded and continually upgraded over many years, but remain located in the same area of Tsukiji in central Tokyo as the original hospital.

[7][8] In 2008, 2009, and 2010, based on number of applicants designating it as their first choice in the match process, St. Luke's International Hospital ranked second in popularity among physician residencies in Japan.