The St. Stephen's Basilica[1] (Hebrew: מנזר סנט אטיין) or simply the Church of St. Stephen,[2] also known by its French name, Saint-Étienne, is the name given to a Catholic church located outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, on the road leading north to Nablus.

The first time a sanctuary was built to commemorate the martyrdom was in the fifth century, when Empress Eudocia initiated the building of a structure on the site of the current basilica, a chapel dedicated to St. Stephen, where she was eventually buried.

[citation needed] In 638, a small church was built by St. Sophronius, then restored and enlarged by the Crusaders, but later destroyed by themselves, lest they fall into the hands of Sultan Saladin.

[citation needed] In the nineteenth century the French Dominicans acquired the site of the ancient ruins of the Crusaders, and after archaeological excavations built the convent and the current basilica, which was consecrated in 1900.

[citation needed] Italian architect and engineer, Ermete Pierotti, who served under the Jerusalem governor, Surraya Pasha (1857–1863), thought that St. Stephen's Basilica marked the site of the tomb of Queen Helena, described by Josephus as being "three stadia outside of Jerusalem.