Stand-alone power system

Stand-alone photovoltaic power systems are independent of the utility grid and may use solar panels only or may be used in conjunction with a diesel generator, a wind turbine or batteries.

As there are no battery banks in this setup, energy is not stored and hence it is capable of powering common appliances like fans, pumps etc.

MPPTs are generally used to efficiently utilize the Sun's energy especially for electrical loads like positive-displacement water pumps.

[5][6] Monitoring photovoltaic systems can provide useful information about their operation and what should be done to improve performance, but if the data are not reported properly, the effort is wasted.

To be helpful, a monitoring report must provide information on the relevant aspects of the operation in terms that are easily understood by a third party.