The southern section, in northern Rockingham County, has a length of 21.81 miles (35.10 km) from Interstate 81 (I-81) and U.S. Route 11 (US 11) at Mauzy through Broadway to the West Virginia state line into Mathias.

The northern section, in western Frederick County, covers 4.99 miles (8.03 km) from the West Virginia state line north to US 50 at Gore.

West of Fulks Run, SR 259 follows the river as its curves north into George Washington National Forest.

SR 259 follows Capon Run north to the northern end of its southern section at the West Virginia state line.

SR 259 heads northeast along Carpers Pike to its northern terminus at US 50 (Northwestern Turnpike) just west of Gore in western Frederick County.