Each of the States of Malaya is run by an EXCO, while Sabah and Sarawak have their respective Cabinet and Ministry.
The Rulers include the Sultans of Johor, Pahang, Perak, Kedah, Kelantan, Selangor, and Terengganu; the Raja of Perlis; and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
The Governors include the Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak.
For States without Rulers, each Governor is appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong acting in his discretion but after consultation with the Head of Government.
For the States without Rulers, the Head of Government is known as the Chief Minister in English, or the Ketua Menteri in Malay.