In navigation, a state vector is a set of data describing exactly where an object is located in space, and how it is moving.
A state vector typically will contain seven elements: three position coordinates, three velocity terms, and the time at which these values were valid.
[citation needed] Mathematically, in order to describe positions in a N-dimensional space (
) then a state vector
belongs to
1
{\displaystyle \mathbf {x} (t)={\begin{bmatrix}x_{1}(t)\\x_{2}(t)\\x_{3}(t)\\v_{1}(t)\\v_{2}(t)\\v_{3}(t)\end{bmatrix}}}
or simply
{\displaystyle \mathbf {x} (t)={\begin{bmatrix}\mathbf {r} (t)\\\mathbf {v} (t)\end{bmatrix}}}
{\displaystyle \mathbf {r} ={\begin{bmatrix}x_{1}&x_{2}&x_{3}\end{bmatrix}}^{\mathsf {T}}}
is the position vector and
{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} ={\dot {\mathbf {r} }}={\begin{bmatrix}v_{1}&v_{2}&v_{3}\end{bmatrix}}^{\mathsf {T}}}
is the velocity vector.
Since there is freedom to choose coordinate systems for position, a state vector may also be expressed in a variety of coordinate systems (e.g. the North east down coordinate system).