Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin was born in 1757 in Riga, in the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire.
Appointed the commander of Astrakhan Dragoon Regiment, he took part in the famous siege of Ochakov during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792.
After the end of hostilities Apraksin was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and in 1794 he took part in suppression of Kościuszko's Uprising in Poland.
However, soon after the coronation of Alexander I of Russia he returned to the army and in 1803 was made the governor of Smolensk.
Apraksin was married to Ekaterina née Golitsin, a daughter of a mighty Russian aristocratic family.