Storage ring

Over 50 facilities based on electron storage rings exist and are used for a variety of studies in chemistry and biology.

Storage rings can also be used to produce polarized high-energy electron beams through the Sokolov-Ternov effect.

Examples of such facilities are LHC, LEP, PEP-II, KEKB, RHIC, Tevatron, and HERA.

The FODO and Chasman-Green lattice structures are simple examples of strong focusing systems, but there are many others.

As the bunches will travel many millions of kilometers (considering that they will be moving at near the speed of light for many hours), any residual gas in the beam pipe will result in many, many collisions.

Multi-turn injection allows accumulation of many incoming trains of particles, such as when a large stored current is required.

Typical damping times from synchrotron radiation are tens of milliseconds, allowing many pulses per second to be accumulated.

Together with diffusion from the fluctuations in the radiated photon energies, an equilibrium beam distribution is reached.

The 216-m-circumference storage ring dominates this image of the interior of the Australian Synchrotron facility. In the middle of the storage ring is the booster ring and linac .
Different types of magnets used in the storage ring of the Australian Synchrotron . The larger yellow one is a dipole magnet used to bend the electron beam and produce the synchrotron radiation . The green one is a sextupole magnet and the red one (behind the dipole) is a quadrupole magnet ; these are used for focusing and to maintain chromaticity respectively.