[1][2][3][4] The Phragmoplastophyta consist of the Charophyceae and another unnamed clade which contains the Coleochaetophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Mesotaeniaceae, and Embryophytes (land plants).

This complex crosses the plasma membrane and polymerizes molecules from the cytoplasm into cellulose microfibrils, which, together with each other, form fibrils, necessary in the formation of the wall.

It is within Phragmoplastophyta we find the three clades of charophyte/streptophyte algae with true multicellular organization with differentiated cell types; Charophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and land plants.

The other charophyte algae are either unicellular, colonial, sarcinoid (three-dimensional packets of cells) or unbranched filamentous.

[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][2][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][excessive citations] Palmophyllophyceae (prasinophyte clade VI) Prasinodermophyceae Chlorophyta Mesostigmatophyceae Spirotaenia Chlorokybophyceae Streptofilum Klebsormidiophyceae Charophyceae Coleochaetophyceae Zygnematophyceae Embryophytes (land plants)