Stressed member engine

Applications are found in several vehicles where mass reduction is critical for performance reasons, usually after several iterations of conventional frame/chassis designs have been employed.

Stressed member engines was patented in 1900 by Joah ("John") Carver Phelon and his nephew Harry Rayner.

[3] This requirement is cited as a reason the rules committee changed from an inline-four to a V-6 configuration for the 2014 Formula One season.

[4] The limited-production De Tomaso Vallelunga mid-engine car prototyped in 1963 used the engine as a stressed member.

[5] In GM's Chevrolet Bolt and Tesla Motors Model S and Roadster electric cars, the battery pack is a stressed member to increase rigidity.

Harley-Davidson Model W with structural tubes bolted directly to engine case to complete the frame triangle
The Lotus 49 suspension is bolted directly to the drivetrain
A frameless Fordson Model F tractor