The Peasant Party (Stronnictwo Ludowe, SL) was founded on several ideological beliefs shaped by the socio-economic context of early 20th-century Poland, particularly the challenges faced by the rural population.

This stance was a response to the stark economic inequalities where a small number of wealthy landowners controlled vast agricultural resources while the majority of peasants lived in poverty.

While the Catholic Church held considerable influence in Poland, SL often viewed its power as a potential barrier to social progress and reform.

Moreover, SL emphasized the importance of collective action and solidarity among peasants, believing that uniting the rural population would enable them to effectively challenge economic disparities and political oppression.

These beliefs reflected their commitment to improving the conditions of Poland's rural population and were informed by the historical context of economic disparity, political repression, and the fundamental role of agriculture in Polish society.