It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics, structural engineering, safety engineering, probability theory, and catastrophe theory to calculate the load and stress in the structural components and analyze the safety of a damaged structure.
There is a critical number of structural elements that defines whether the system has reserve ability or not.
[citation needed] Safety engineers use the failure of the first component as an indicator and try to intervene during the given period of time to avoid the catastrophe of the entire structure.
For example, “Leak-Before-Break”[1] methodology means that a leak will be discovered prior to a catastrophic failure of the entire piping system occurring in service.
It has been applied to pressure vessels, nuclear piping, gas and oil pipelines, etc.