Struthiolaria papulosa

[2] The upper part of the shell is small and cone-shaped made of two swirls, called the protoconch.

[4][2] S. papulosa prefers shallow salt water or on sand flats in sheltered or open coasts.

[5] The life cycle of S. papulosa is divided in four stages: egg, larva, juvenile and adult.

The egg starts forming a larval shell 9-10 hours after fertilization and, around 3 days later, the larvae grow into juvenile sea snails.

[4] The egg and larva stage are eaten by many plankton feeders but the most common S. papulosa predator is Asteroidea, especially starfish.

Apertural view of the same shell