Submersible pump

The screw allows the pump to work in water with a high sand content and other mechanical impurities.

Multiple stage submersible pumps are typically lowered down a borehole, and most typically used for residential, commercial, municipal and industrial water extraction (abstraction), water wells and in oil wells.

Other uses for submersible pumps include sewage treatment plants, seawater handling, fire fighting (since it is flame retardant cable), water well and deep well drilling, offshore drilling rigs, artificial lifts, mine dewatering, and irrigation systems.

Submersible pumps are used in oil production to provide a relatively efficient form of "artificial lift", able to operate across a broad range of flow rates and depths.

A high-voltage (3 to 5 kV) alternating-current source at the surface drives the subsurface motor.

Until recently, ESPs had been costly to install due to the requirement of an electric cable extending from the source to the motor.

The pump itself is a multi-stage unit, with the number of stages being determined by the operating requirements.

As some wells produce up to 90% water, and fluid lift is a significant cost, re-injecting water before lifting it to the surface can reduce energy consumption and improve economics Given ESPs' high rotational speed of up to 4000 rpm (67 Hz) and tight clearances, they are not very tolerant of solids, such as sand.

The cable needed for this type of application must be durable and reliable, as the installation location and environment can be extremely restrictive as well as hostile.

Cable manufacturers must keep these factors in mind to achieve the highest possible degree of reliability.

Pump cables are made in single and multiple conductor types and may be flat or round in cross section; some types include control wires as well as power conductors for the pump motor.

In 3&4 Core cable as per right side SPC types image shown, plain Copper/Tinned Copper used as a conductor.