The most important rivers that flow through Sudzhansky District are the Psel and the Sudzha.

[7] Aside from the city of Sudzha, the district contains over eighty villages and hamlets, including Sverdlikovo.

[7] It was originally an administrative division of Lgov Okrug [ru] of the Central Black Earth Oblast of the Russian SFSR before being transferred to the newly created Kursk Oblast in 1934.

[9] Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine that began in 2022, Sudzhansky District has repeatedly been a site of attacks on Russian soil due to proximity to the border with Ukraine.

[10][11][12] In early August 2024 a Ukrainian offensive was launched into the region, advancing rapidly against surprised and ill-prepared defenses and resulting in the city of Sudzha and the surrounding area coming under Ukrainian occupation.