Sulayman al-Baruni (Arabic: سليمان باشا الباروني, romanized: Sulaymān al-Bārūnī; c. 1870 – 1 May 1940) was a Libyan Ibadi scholar, poet, statesman and a prominent figure in the history of Libya.

During the reign of Abdul Hamid II, he was arrested several times by the Ottoman authorities on the accusation that he was planning to re-establish an Ibadi imamate or emirate in the Jabal Nefusa.

He eventually sought an understanding with the Italians in the hopes of creating an autonomous Ibadi principality centred on the Jabal Nefusa and Marsa Zuaga.

Al-Baruni was the first to be convinced, suggesting to the other that they should return to Tripolitania in exchange for an agreement from Italy that they could retain the position in Tripolitanian society and that their past resistance would not be held against them.

[4] Al-Baruni did not return until October 1916, when he was appointed governor (Arabic wāli, Turkish vali) of Tripolitania, Tunisia and Algeria by the Ottoman sultan in the midst of the First World War.

[6] By September 1921, as a result of the Italian policy of divide and conquer, there was a civil war in Libya between the Berbers, who increasingly looked to Italy for protection, and the Arabs.

For this reason, in 1970 the body of Sulayman al-Baruni was returned to Libya where he received a national ceremony with great coverage the newspapers and television.