The valley covers an approximated vertical rectangle west of the Chiricahua Mountains–Dos Cabezas Mountains complex.

Drainage is from north to south, with a moderately sized endorheic basin, named the Willcox Playa, occupying the northern area.

The southern portion of the valley drains into Mexico through Douglas, Arizona through Agua Prieta, Sonora, and into the Yaqui River.

Sulphur Springs Valley is one of the largest and driest subsections in this otherwise mountainous region.

It is connected to Arizona 186 which traverses the southwestern foothills of the Dos Cabezas range.