His father's name was Major Laxman Singh Rathore and his mother was Shrimati Mahtab Kanwar.

Sultan Singh Rathore completed high school from Chopasani School, Jodhpur, Bachelor of Arts from Jaswant College, Jodhpur and completed his LL.B from Law College, Hindu University, Banaras 1940–1948 Sultan Singh Rathore joined service as Sub-Inspector then in 1946 he became Hakim (1st class Magistrate of Jodhpur) and in 1948 he was promoted to Major in the army.

1952–1974 He was promoted to Deputy Inspector General of Police in 1952 and in 1963 he also served as DIGP Rajasthan Armed Constabulary at Jodhpur.

In 1968 he was promoted to Inspector General of Police, Rajasthan; he remained on the post till 15 February 1974.

On 16 February 1974 he was appointed as Director Civil Defence & Commandant General, Home Guards, Rajasthan, and in the same year on 10 November 1974 he died due to heart failure.