Superswell

These areas of anomalous topography are byproducts of large upwelling of mantle material from the core–mantle boundary, referred to as superplumes.

In the case of the upwelling in the mid-Cretaceous period along the East Pacific Rise, its origin lies deep within the Earth, near the core–mantle boundary.

Dynamic topography models have, on the other hand, been able to predict this upwelling utilizing calculations of the instantaneous flow of Earth's mantle.

[4] Isotopic samples taken from the Pacific-Antarctic ridge basalts have disassembled the long-held belief that there was a coherent geochemical province stretching from the Australian–Antarctic discordance to the Juan de Fuca plate.

Measurements of the average depth of ridge axes also shows that this boundary line lies on the southeastern side of the Darwin Rise/Pacific superswell.