Supriya Chaudhuri (Bengali: সুপ্রিয়া চৌধুরী; born 1953) is an Indian scholar of English literature.

She was educated at South Point High School, Presidency College in Calcutta, and the University of Oxford, where she was a State Scholar from 1973 to 1975, taking a First in English.

After serving a few years at Presidency as Assistant Professor of English, she returned to Oxford on an Inlaks Scholarship (1978–81) for doctoral research in Renaissance Studies.

She was in charge of the UGC funded research programme of the university's English Department.

Her scholarship ranges over many fields, notably literary theory, 18th-century British literature, modernism, and the Renaissance.