The Moderates used petitions, prayers, meetings, leaflets, pamphlets, memorandums, and delegations to present their demands to the British government.
The partition of the Bengal Presidency drove the rise of radicalism in INC. Surat was in Bombay Presidency/Province, Tilak's birthplace.
Radicals protested in the INC meeting as Tilak was not given permission even to speak by pundit Madan Mohan Malaviya.
Worse, the shoe-throwing was followed by a pandemonium in which Radicals threw chairs at the dais and hit their rivals with sticks.
While he succeeded in creating a strong political identity, he also used Shivaji and Akbar to stimulate religious beliefs as a unifier.
[2] In the light of the split, the Moderates restated the goal of Congress to be the attainment of self-government within the British Empire.
The difference between moderates and extremists widened in Congress' Calcutta Session of (1906) and attempts were made to select one of them as the president.
The moderates opposed the resolutions on Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott of foreign goods, and National Education and requested to withdraw from the policy laid down in the Calcutta session.
[4] In Surat Session (1907), The Radicals or Extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai or Tilak as a presidential candidate, and Moderates supported Rash Behari Ghosh to be the President.