[8] From 2001, the European Union supported research project Clean Urban Transport for Europe (CUTE) began running hydrogen fuel cell powered buses in nine European cities[1] - Amsterdam, Barcelona, Hamburg, London, Luxembourg, Madrid, Porto, Stockholm, and Stuttgart.
[10] The project was supported by a consortium of transportation operators, hydrogen infrastructure and fuel cell developers, universities and city authorities.
[19] This initiative of the Government of Western Australia's Department for Planning and Infrastructure, was the responsibility of Transperth, though it was run by contracted operator Path Transit.
[22] The Perth trial received A$2.5 million funding from the Department of the Environment and Heritage and the Australian Greenhouse Office.
[11] By June 2005, the Perth buses had covered more than 60,000 kilometres (37,282 mi) and completed almost 3,000 operational hours, with almost 60,000 passengers having used the service.
[11] In 2005, Beijing purchased three hydrogen fuel cell buses from the consortium using United Nations Development Programme grants.
[4] However, the buses were withdrawn after one year, as air pollution reduced the efficiency and operating life of the fuel cells.