Tainan station was designed by Fei & Cheng Associates and constructed primarily by Shimizu Corporation.

The total floor area is 28,708 m2 (309,010 sq ft) and is constructed from steel and reinforced concrete.

On December 22nd, 2023, the Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation opened the Oiran Train Scenic Park at the Tainan HSR Station.

It features the 0 series "Oiran" train car that was originally transported from Japan for surveying and track testing during the construction of Taiwan's high speed rail.

Restoration on the car by the Taiwan High Speed Rail Museum began in 2017 and completed in 2019.