Tabán ruins

The central part of the old Tabán district was demolished by the municipality of Budapest in 1933-34, and a large new park was created on the freed-up area between Szebeny Antal (now Szarvas) tér, Attila körút and the slopes of Gellért Hill and Naphegy.

The municipal office commissioned archaeologist Lajos Nagy to carry out archaeological surveys during the demolition works.

Although this area was thoroughly researched, it had been densely built over in the previous centuries, and the findings were confined to the courtyards of the former buildings giving only a patchy picture.

[2] The newly established Fővárosi Régészeti és Ásatási Intézet (Municipal Institute of Archaeology) carried on the research in roughly the same area between 29 May and 19 November 1936.

The archaeological park was still in existence in 1960, but the whole area between Szarvas tér and the foot of Gellért Hill was completely restructured when the new Elisabeth Bridge was built.

In 1962 new roads, tramway tracks and a traffic interchange was built covering large swathes of the Tabán Park with tarmac.

At the time of the Roman conquest the small hill by the ford of the Danube was occupied by a settlement of the Eravisci tribe which survived until the end of the 1st century AD.

Unfortunately, the heritage expert who was called to scene, Ottó Szőnyi pronounced it an "unremarkable medieval stone structure", and the workmen destroyed it with great effort and difficulty.

Several pieces of bricks with stamps were recovered providing proof that the watchtower was built in 374-374 by Frigeridus dux, the military commander of Pannonia Valeria under Valentinian I.

The inscription on the stamps read: FRIGERIDUS V(ir) P(erfectissimus) DUX AP(paratu) L(uci) LUPI.

The Tabán burgus was built at a time when the Pannonian Limes was strengthened and many new fortifications were erected by Valentinian I against the Quadi who had attacked the Roman province.

The Tabán valley and the hill by the ford was continuously inhabited during the Middle Ages although its urban topography remains unclear.

The space was certainly vaulted because traces of two piers and a Late Gothic impost survived on the western side while another impost and pieces of ribs, jambs, tracery, fragments of two stone basins, two green stove tiles (depicting Saint George) and a maiolica floor tile (depicting a draw well) were also discovered in the rubble.

Building II A slightly trapezoid-shaped cellar (10.85 by 6.85 m) with doors opening in the eastern and the western sides, the latter leading to an underground corridor.

Árok utca was established when the Ördög-árok stream was vaulted over in 1876, and the ashlar construction was a retaining wall or a stone embankment of the flood-prone little river.

The archaeological park in 1938 with the ruins of Building VI in the foreground
The conserved ruins of Building II és III in 1938.