The town area is narrow in the northeast–southwest direction, extending from the northwest facing Osaka Bay to the southeast inland.

Osaka Prefecture Tadaoka has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

Tadaoka has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 12 members.

In terms of national politics, the city is part of Osaka 18th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Tadaoka is located within a commuting zone of about 30 minutes by train from the center of Osaka City and Kansai International Airport, and is increasing becoming a bedroom community.