The capital of the region is the commune of Tahoua.

Tahoua borders Agadez Region to the northeast, Maradi Region to the southeast, Nigeria's Sokoto State to the south, and Mali (Gao and Kidal regions), Dosso Region and Tillabéri Region to the west.

Much of the region lies with the Sahel, merging into the Sahara desert in the north.

Tahoua is the regional capital; other major settlements include Abalak, Bagaroua, Birni-N'Konni, Bouza, Illela, Keita, Madaoua and Tchintabaraden.

[3] The main ethnolinguistic groups are the Hausa, Fulani, Arabs (Baggara) and Tuareg.