Killed: 164 Wounded: 515 The Taiwanese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion of 1895 was a conflict between the short-lived Republic of Formosa (Taiwan) and the Empire of Japan.

The invasion came shortly after the Qing dynasty's cession of Taiwan to Japan in April 1895 at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War.

The Japanese victory at Baguashan on August 27 was the largest battle ever fought on Taiwanese soil and doomed the Formosan resistance.

The fall of Tainan on October 21 ended organized resistance and began five decades of Japanese rule in Taiwan.

Afterward, the Japanese sailors stayed at the Ryukyuan embassy in Fuzhou, Fujian for half a year, and subsequently returned home to Miyako.

In retaliation for Qing, China's refusal to pay compensation on the grounds that the Taiwanese aboriginals were out of their jurisdiction, Japan sent the Taiwan Expedition of 1874.

[2] In November 1874 Japanese forces withdrew from Taiwan after the Qing government agreed to an indemnity of 500,000 Kuping taels.

Due in part to the demoralized defenses of the Chinese, roughly 5,000 men, Japanese forces managed to take the Pescadores in three days.

Chinese officials refused to cede it, and instead transferred the Penghu islands and the eastern portion of the bay of the Liaodong peninsula.

The conditions Japan placed on China led to the Triple Intervention of France, Germany, and Russia just six days after the signing.

After hearing of the cession of Taiwan to Japan, pro-Qing officials led by Qiu Fengjia declared the Republic of Formosa.

Meanwhile, China refused to acknowledge the republic to avoid offending Japan or sending Chinese troops to Formosa.

He stayed in Taiwan with Tang Jingsong to fight the Japanese after the Treaty of Shimonoseki[7] and was given command of resistance forces in the south as a general.

The Formosan forces included Chinese soldiers from the Qing garrison, Hakka militia units, and local volunteers.

Members of the Qing garrison made up the largest percentage of their forces at about 50,000 soldiers, with the Hakka militia, and volunteer units making up the other 25,000.

[clarification needed] To compete with Western countries, Japan used Taiwan as an economic asset[8] and developed agriculture, the health system and public education.

[12][13] Although Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi ordered opium banned in Taiwan as soon as possible, the government remained involved in the narcotics trade until Japan's surrender in 1945.

The Colonial Government did relatively little to limit the wearing of queues besides exert social pressure, never even issuing formal edicts or laws on the matter.

Between 1895 and 1915 the colonial government promoted the existing Buddhist religion over Shintoism in Taiwan, in the belief that this would accelerate the assimilation of the Taiwanese into Japanese society.

Buddhist temples were expanded and modified to accommodate Japanese elements such as worship of Ksitigarbha, popular in Japan but not in Taiwan at the time.

The hermitage was a zhaijiao Buddhist hall where the follower Yu Qingfang (余清芳) started an anti-Japanese uprising, in which many other folk religion and Taoist sects took part.

[15] In 1937, after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Tokyo ordered rapid acculturation of the people of Japan's colonies.

[16][dubious – discuss] However, several decades later in 1915, several political groups emerged,[17] Among including the Popular Party, New People's Society, and Taiwan Cultural Association.

[19][20] From October 16 to 22, 1923, Hsieh Wen-ta (謝文達) flew over Tokyo and dropped thousands of fliers against Japanese rule in Taiwan.

Among the messages were "Taiwanese have long been suffering under tyrannical rule" and "The totalitarianism of the colonial government is a disgrace to the constitutional country of Japan!"