Tanbark

[3] The bark is taken from young branches and twigs in oak coppices and can be up to 4 mm thick; it is grayish-brown on the outside and brownish-red on the inner surface.

[4] In some areas of the United States, such as central Pennsylvania and northern California[citation needed], "mulch" is often called tanbark, even by manufacturers and distributors.

[citation needed] In America, condensed tannins are also present in the bark of blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica).

[5] In New York, on the slopes of Mount Tremper, hemlock bark was a major source of tanbark during the 19th century.

[6] Used tanbark is employed in horticulture and spread on flower beds and in glass houses to keep down weeds and protect plant roots.

Workers peeling hemlock bark for the tannery in Prattsville, New York , United States
Waterwheel at Combe House Hotel in Holford , Somerset, England . The overshot waterwheel was cast by Bridgwater ironfounder H Culverwell & Co in 1892 to replace an earlier wheel. It was used to grind oak bark for the tannery complex established here in the 1840s by James Hayman. When the tannery closed in 1900, the waterwheel was adapted to other uses, such as grinding grain for grist , cutting chaff , chopping apples for the cider press, and generating electricity. It also cracked stones in a nearby quarry. The gearing survives, too.