Tattva (Jainism)

The fourth truth is the exact opposite of the third – performing negative karma results in adversities and pain in future.

The fifth truth is that through the interaction, called yoga, between the two substances, soul and non-soul, karmic matter flows into the soul (āsrava), clings to it, becomes converted into karma and the sixth truth acts as a factor of bondage (bandha), restricting the manifestation of the consciousness intrinsic to it.

The seventh truth states that a stoppage (saṃvara) of new karma is possible through asceticism through practice of right conduct, faith and knowledge.

An intensification of asceticism burns up the existing karma – this eighth truth is expressed by the word nirjarā.

The final truth is that when the soul is freed from the influence of karma, it reaches the goal of Jaina teaching, which is liberation or mokṣa.

[4] In Digambara texts, the number of tattvas is seven because both puṇya and pāpa are included in āsrava or bandha.

[5] According to Digambara text, Sarvārthasiddhi, translates S.A. Jain:It is not necessary to include these (merit and demerit), as these are implied in influx and bondage.

They are: Performing wholesome actions leads to binding of puṇya (good karma) to the soul.

Any action that is fundamentally sinful as described by the aagamas is considered to bind pāpa to the soul.

Several negative effects of binding pāpa to the soul have been described in the canonical scriptures.

Some of them include birth in a low family, infirmities, little to no access to knowledge, and false worship.

It occurs when the karmic particles are attracted to the soul on account of vibrations created by activities of the mind, speech and body.

[13] The āsrava, that is, the influx of karma occurs when the karmic particles are attracted to the soul on account of vibrations created by activities of the mind, speech and body.

The karmas are literally bound on account of the stickiness of the soul due to the existence of various passions or mental dispositions.

It means the removal of all the impurities of karmic matter and the body, characterized by the inherent qualities of the soul such as knowledge and bliss free from pain and suffering.