Tautology (rule of inference)

In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement.

[1][2][3] The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs.

" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a logical proof with".

is the conclusion of a valid proof,[4] while the equivalent semantic consequence

" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with "

"; or as the statement of a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic.

The principle was stated as a theorem of propositional logic by Russell and Whitehead in Principia Mathematica as: and where