The Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) is active in the Tillaberi region of western Niger, where Tchoma Bangou and Zaroumdareye are located.

[2] Former Nigerien minister and Tillaberi native Issoufou Issaka stated that the massacres in Tchoma Bangou and Zaroumdareye were reprisal attacks for the lynching of two jihadists that had come to collect taxes in the villages by residents on December 15, 2020.

[1][5] A survivor of the massacres stated that as soon as the ISGS fighters invaded the village, residents rushed inside their homes and only heard the sound of the motorbikes.

[4] The jihadists targeted and burned granaries in the town as well, forcing residents who didn't leave after the attack to be unable to stay in the village long afterward.

[8] After the massacres in Tchoma Bangou and Zaroumdareye, an anonymous message was shared around Zarma online groups blamed Fulani for the attacks and vowed revenge.