Temporal light artefacts

Stroboscopic effect may become visible for a person when a moving object is illuminated by modulated light at somewhat higher frequencies (>80 Hz) and larger intensity variations.

[1][2][3] TLAs must be limited to certain levels to avoid annoyance due to the direct visibility by humans and to prevent potential health issues.

The incorrect perception of the motion of an object due to stroboscopic effect may be unacceptable in working environments with fast moving or rotating machinery.

[6] In CIE TN 006:2016[6] three types of TLAs are distinguished: Further background and explanations on the different TLA phenomena are given in a recorded webinar "Is it all just flicker?".

[7] Models for the visibility of flicker and stroboscopic effect from the temporal behavior of luminous output of LEDs are in the doctoral thesis of Perz.