SR 109 is mentioned in several country music songs including "Church on the Cumberland Road" by Shenandoah and "Goodbye Earl" by the Dixie Chicks.

The first Cracker Barrel Restaurant was opened by Dan Evins at the corner of I-40 and SR 109 in Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1969.

Prior to the reconstruction, US 70 eastbound traversed a long down-sloping hill to the at-grade intersection, which was a four-way stop until the early 2000s, before being converted to one using a standard traffic signal.

In 2010, a newly constructed four-lane divided section of the highway opened between Gallatin and Portland to replace the original narrow, curvy two-lane portion through the Highland Rim.

This project would extend SR 109 across US 31W to intersect with the Interstate just south of the Tennessee-Kentucky state line near Lake Springs Road in Robertson County.

[3] SR 109 is slated to be widened to a four-lane highway, with a middle 12-foot (3.7 m) turn lane from Gallatin to I-40 in Lebanon, primarily for the increased level of traffic from the industrial park just off the Interstate.

A plan to construct a four-lane, partial access controlled highway bypassing the town of Portland is currently being discussed by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT).