Territories of Majapahit
According to the Kakawin Nagarakretagama canto XIII and XIV, the following areas are recognized as conquered or subordinate to Majapahit (referred to as mañcanagara).
The conquered states in Java were not mentioned because they were still considered part of the royal "mandala".
The names below are based on manuscript sources, both from Majapahit and Malay manuscripts as well as Chinese sources, but little physical evidence remains of an area's recognition of state power.
Included were the kingdoms of Sunda and Madura, because Majapahit claimed the whole of Java.
[1][2][3] Sunda kingdom became a nominal vassal of Majapahit after the battle of Bubat of 1357.
Sakweh śri yawa raja sapada madudwan nagaratunggalan (All Javanese kings were guests, they were from different countries but)
Kampei, one of 4 tribes in Petapahan on the Tapung Kiri river upstream of Siak: Peliang, Ceniaga, Kampai, and Domo/Muara Takus2 4.
Batam2 Notes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See [5] 3 See [6] Borneo is referred to as "Nusa Tanjung Nagara" and/or "Tanjungpuri" 2.
Kalakah, the city of Calaca was a major trading port south of the capital (Brunei) and the center of the country of Sedang2 2.
Balinean, east of the mouth of the Rejang river in Sarawak or Malanau in northwest Kalimantan2 4.
Milano east of the Rejang river in Sarawak, Balineo3 Notes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See [8] 3 See [9] In Nagarakretagama it is called "Hujung Medini", which refers to the Malay Peninsula (according to M. Yamin) or Johor (according to Pigeaud).
Marege in northern Australia3 Notes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See [13] 3 See [14] Foreign or overseas territories are mentioned in Nagarakretagama canto 15 stanza 1.
Arab2 Notes: 1 See [16] 2 See [17] 3 See [18] According to Irawan Djoko Nugroho, the area in the table above from Syangka to Cambodia is called Desantara.
The relationship between Majapahit and Desantara is called kachaya, which means "to be exposed to light".
The term "protected area" in the modern state system is referred to as a protectorate.
[15] Nugroho rejected this opinion, because Nagarakretagama was created in 1365, and Champa's power surpassed Annam (which at that time referred to Dai Viet).
Koci comes from the Chinese Jiāozhǐ, in Cantonese Kawci, and is called Giao Chỉ in Vietnamese.
[23][24][25] According to Nugroho, the regions of Jambudwipa, China, Karnataka, and Goda are collectively called Dwipantara.
This area is said to have received the favor of the king, so it is natural for them to pay tribute.
The kindness done by Majapahit to Dwipantara has a background from Java's war with the Mongols.
The Mongols tried to control Asian sea trade, and Java (Singhasari at that time) responded with a blockade of Southeast Asian trade against the Mongols.
In canto 93.1 the priests compose a hymn of praise to the Maharaja of Majapahit.
[26] Ambassadors from India and China came with merchants and played a role in stabilizing political and economic relations.
The Tuhañaru/Jayanagara II inscription, dating from 1245 Saka/1323 AD, records the annexation of territories outside Java:... like the moon that opens the tunjung-jantung flower from the village of all good people; which destroys all enemies; like the sun that dispels darkness at night, which is delighted by Wipra and Satria, who are happy to be able to uphold the name of the king's coronation, it reads: Iswara Sundarapandyadewa, ...According to H.B.
[28] Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai recorded many territories of Majapahit:[29] Based on the Kidung Sunda canto 1 stanza 54b and 65a, Majapahit territories includes Palembang, Tumasik (Singapore), Sampit, Madura, Bali, Koci (Cochinchina, Vietnam), Wandan (Banda, Central Maluku), Tanjungpura (Kalimantan) and Sawakung (Sebuku Island).
[30]: 20, 23 [31] Kidung Harsa Wijaya notes that the territories of Majapahit outside Java include Bali, Tatar, Tumasik, Sampi, Gurun, Wandan, Tanjung-pura, Dompo, Palembang, Makassar, and Koci.
[32] The story of Calon Arang is mentioned in several manuscripts, originally written during the classical Java era (before the fall of Majapahit in 1527).
Territories mentioned are:[33][34] Siam Campa Banakeling Tatar Pegu Kangean Goram Wandan Maluku Bolo, refers to several places in the Philippines Sumbawa The book Suma Oriental by Tomé Pires written in 1515 records that Java (Majapahit) ruled as far as the Moluccas on the east side and most of the west side of the archipelago; and almost the whole island of Sumatra was under its control and it also controlled all the islands known to the Javanese.
[35]: 174 Based on Sulalatus Salatin (Malay Annals) the Majapahit territories include: The territories of Majapahit recorded by Hikayat Banjar are: Java, Bantan (Banten), Palembang, Mangkasar (Makassar), Pahang, Patani, Bali, Pasai, Champa, Maningkabau (Minangkabau),[36][37][38] Jambi, Bugis (the area of Bugis people), Johor, and Acih (Aceh).
