SH 105 begins as a pair of one-way roads at an intersection with Business U.S. Route 290 in downtown Brenham.

The route continues east, passing through the very southern edge of Sam Houston National Forest before reaching Cleveland and an intersection with Future Interstate 69/U.S.

The highway was originally proposed on June 8, 1925 from Brenham east through Navasota and Conroe to Cleveland, roughly paralleling a local railroad line.

[6] On February 11, 1937, the section from Moss Hill to Beaumont was restored (but not Cleveland to Rye, so a gap was created).

[8] On June 21, 1938, the Cleveland-Neville's Ferry Road from Cleveland to Rye had its routing approved, and construction started on it.

On March 26, 1962, the section of SH 105 from Moss Hill and on a line equidistant between Batson and Saratoga to FM 770 was cancelled, creating a gap.