Thamsbrück is the oldest small town in Thuringia and, with the Indulgence Festival (Ablassfest), has a tradition of more than 500 years.

Thamsbrück is located in the west of the Thuringian Basin about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of Bad Langensalza at an altitude of 175 metres (574 ft) above NHN.

In 1206, Thamsbrück was documented in a deed of donation by Landgrave Hermann I and named civitas (Latin for "town") when a Mühlhausen arbitration award was confirmed.

On 20 June 1500, 30 Thamsbrückers returned from a campaign against rebellious Frisians who had risen up against the Gubernator of Friesland, the Wettin Henry the Pious.

A town portrait published in 1975 mentions the agricultural production cooperative (LPG) "Karl Marx", which was united with a part of the farm in Großwelsbach, as the main agricultural enterprise, as well as the two malt factories located in the town, the VEB "Feuerteufel" (Firebug) and the only mill construction company remaining in the GDR, "ORANO", which also took over the production of millstones.