The Aboriginal Portfolio is an early 19th-century book of hand-colored lithographs of chiefs of Native American tribes.

It represents the first important pictorial representation of Native American life.

Lewis, under commission from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, attended Native American treaty ceremonies between 1825 and 1828 and drew pictures of the tribal chiefs attending those ceremonies.

The majority of drawings were from following treaty ceremonies: In addition to drawings of tribal chiefs, scenes of the Prairie du Chien and Butte des Morts treaty grounds were drawn, as well as a drawing of a Chippewa pipe dance and tomahawk dance.

Lithography was done by Lehman and Duval in Philadelphia; color was washed in by hand.