The Andes of Ecuador is an 1855 oil painting by Frederic Edwin Church, the premier American landscape painter of the time.

[3] The painting is a composite image of different climate zones, from snowy mountains in the distance to grasslands in the mid-ground and tropical flora in the foreground.

Church's approach to landscape painting was influenced by Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who wrote of his travels in South America and exhorted painters to capture the beauty of the New World.

The sunlight casts the whole image in its radiance, making the distant mountains faint and creating shadows on the small foreground details like the grazing llamas.

Two small staffage figures visit a stone cross near the palm trees at bottom left, and a red-roofed Spanish mission appears at the end of the path near them.

Church scholar David C. Huntington wrote in 1980 of The Andes of Ecuador: Like Adam at the dawn of human consciousness the beholder awakens to the beauty of the earth which has been so long preparing for him.

After passing through the hands of investment banker J. William Middendorf II and Kennedy Galleries, it was bought by the Reynolda House Museum of American Art in 1966.